【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforMeasuringIonizingRadiation-InducedSpectralChangesinOpticalFibersandCablesforUseinRemoteRamanFiberOpticSpectroscopy
【原文标准名称】:用于远距离拉曼光纤光谱学的光纤和光缆的电离辐射感应光谱变化测量标准导则
【标准号】:ASTME1654-1994(2004)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1994
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E13.09
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:光谱学;导则;放射性照射;电缆;电离辐射;遥感;光学纤维;感应光谱变化;激光和激光应用;电离辐射测量;电离辐射测量;光纤传感器系统;辐射破坏;拉曼光谱学;光谱变化;光纤光谱学
【英文主题词】:opticalfibers;radiationdamage;Ramanspectroscopy;remotesensing
【摘要】:Ionizingenvironmentswillaffecttheperformanceofopticalfibers/cablesbeingusedtotransmitspectroscopicinformationfromaremotelocation.Determinationofthetypeandmagnitudeofthespectralvariationsorinterferencesproducedbytheionizingradiationinthefiber,orboth,isnecessaryforevaluatingtheperformanceofanopticalfibersensorsystem.TheresultsofthetestcanbeutilizedasaselectioncriteriaforopticalfibersusedinopticalfiberRamanspectroscopicsensorsystems.Note18212;Theattenuationofopticalfibersgenerallyincreaseswhentheyareexposedtoionizingradiation.Thisisdueprimarilytothetrappingofradiolyticelectronsandholesatdefectsitesintheopticalmaterials,thatis,theformationofcolorcenters.Thedepopulationofthesecolorcentersbythermaloroptical(photobleaching)processes,orboth,causesrecovery,usuallyresultinginadecreaseinradiationinducedattenuation.Recoveryoftheattenuationafterirradiationdependsonmanyvariables,includingthetemperatureofthetestsample,thecompositionofthesample,thespectrumandtypeofradiationemployed,thetotaldoseappliedtothetestsample,thelightlevelusedtomeasuretheattenuation,andtheoperatingspectrum.Undersomecontinuousconditions,recoveryisnevercomplete.1.1Thisguidecoversthemethodformeasuringtherealtime,insituradiation-inducedalterationstotheRamanspectralsignaltransmittedbyamultimode,stepindex,silicaopticalfiber.Thisguidespecificallyaddressessteady-stateionizingradiation(thatis,alpha,beta,gamma,protons,etc.)withappropriatechangesindosimetry,andshieldingconsiderations,dependingupontheirradiationsource.1.2Thetestproceduregiveninthisguideisnotintendedtotesttheotheropticalandnon-opticalcomponentsofanopticalfiber-basedRamansensorsystem,butmaybemodifiedtotestothercomponentsinacontinuousirradiationenvironment.1.3ThevaluesinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:M33
【国际标准分类号】:33_180_10
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Microbiologyoffoodandanimalfeedingstuffs-Generalrequirementsandguidanceformicrobiologicalexaminations
【原文标准名称】:食品和动物饲料的微生物学微生物学检验的一般要求和指南
【标准号】:BSENISO7218-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2008-03-31
【实施或试行日期】:2008-03-31
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:农产品;饲料;细菌纲;生物测定;生物试验;清洁处理;饮食;消毒;设备;试验(质量保证);食品检验;食品;卫生学;说明书;仪器;调查;实验室;实验室设备;实验室装备;实验室取样;实验室试验;实验室器皿;维修;测量仪器;微生物分析;微生物学;微生物;真菌学;人员;质量保证;质量控制;安全要求;抽样方法;规范(验收);试样制备;杀菌;储存;试验室;测试;有校性;验证;外观检查(试验);工作场所;工作地点
【英文主题词】:Agriculturalproducts;Animalfeed;Bacteria;Bioassay;Biologicaltests;Cleaning;Diet;Disinfections;Equipment;Examination(qualityassurance);Foodinspection;Foodproducts;Hygiene;Instructions;Instruments;Investigations;Laboratories;Laboratoryequipment;Laboratoryfurniture;Laboratorysample;Laboratorytests;Laboratoryware;Maintenance;Measuringinstruments;Microbiologicalanalysis;Microbiology;Microorganisms;Mycology;Personnel;Qualityassurance;Qualitycontrol;Safetyrequirements;Samplingmethods;Specification(approval);Specimenpreparation;Sterilization(birthcontrol);Storage;Testlaboratories;Testing;Validation;Verification;Visualinspection(testing);Workspaces;Workingplaces
【摘要】:ThisInternationalStandardgivesgeneralrequirementsandguidance/optionsintendedforthreemainuses:?implementationofISO/TC34/SC9orISO/TC34/SC5standardsfordetectionorenumerationofmicroorganisms,namedhereafter“specificstandards”;?goodlaboratorypracticeforfoodmicrobiologicallaboratories(thepurposeisnottodetailtheminthisInternationalStandard,manualsareavailableforthatpurpose);?guidanceforaccreditationoffoodmicrobiologicallaboratories(thisInternationalStandarddescribesthetechnicalrequirementsaccordingtoAnnexBofISO/IEC17025:2005fortheaccreditationofamicrobiologicallaboratorybynationalorganizations).TherequirementsofthisInternationalStandardsupersedethecorrespondingonesofexistingspecificstandards.AdditionalinstructionsinthefieldofmolecularbiologyexaminationsarespecifiedinISO22174.ThisInternationalStandardcoversexaminationforbacteria,yeastsandmouldsandcanbeusedifsupplementedwithspecificguidanceforprions,parasitesandviruses.Itdoesnotcovertheexaminationfortoxinsorothermetabolites(e.g.amines)frommicroorganisms.ThisInternationalStandardappliestothemicrobiologyoffood,animalfeedingstuffs,thefoodproductionenvironmentandtheprimaryproductionenvironment.ThepurposeofthisInternationalStandardistohelptoensurethevalidityoffoodmicrobiologyexaminations,toassistinensuringthatthegeneraltechniquesusedforconductingtheseexaminationsarethesameinalllaboratories,tohelpachievehomogeneousresultsindifferentlaboratories,andtocontributetowardsthesafetyofthelaboratorypersonnelbypreventingrisksofinfection.
【中国标准分类号】:B46
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_30
【页数】:76P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语